naugle



Miran Oct. 29, 1963 R. B. NAUGLE 3,108,743

ELECTRIC VOTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 18, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet l I I: II lIoiI I I I I I I l FIG. IQ IO0 v 7 l0a w T I l To 207 I45 I J! T0205 '44,5 a FIGBD WW /,r //x 1 la 2a 3a 4 INVENTOR REGINALD BASIL NAUGLEATTORNEY Oct. 29, 1963 R. B. NAUGLE ,7

ELECTRIC VOTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 18, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 F I 2INVENTOR REGINALD BASIL NAUGLE ATTORNEY Oct. 29 1963 R. B. INAUGLE3,103,743

ELECTRIC vo'rma MACHINE Filed Dec. 18, 1957 4 Sheets Sheet 3 REG. Isl"COM.

INVENTOR REGINALD BASIL NAUGLE ATTORNEY Oct. 29, 1963 R. B. NAUGLE3,103,743

ELECTRIC VOTING MACHINE Filed Dec. 18, 1957' 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 com.

INVENTOR REGINALD BASIL NAUGLE United States Patent 3,1ll$,7 -i3ELECTRIC VDTING MACHINE Reginald Basil Naugle, Conyngham, la., assignorto Autrionic Corporation Filed Dec. 18, 1957, Ser. No. 703,695 2 Claims.(Cl. 235--54) This invention relates to voting machines in general andmore particularly to voting machine apparatus, segments and componentsin a completely new and useful method for the selection of candid-atesby a comprehensive electrical system utilizing the fullest phi poweravailable under given magnetic characteristics, thereby securing anaccurate registering of votes in a general, primary, municipal or othertype of election.

A principal object of the present invention is to provide an electricalvoting machine whereby the elector is enabled to select candidates forpublic oifices under any given type of election, wherein the saidelector is precluded from multiple or fraudulent selections.

Another important object of the instant invention is to provide a meansfor cancelling out selections of candidates in case of error on the partof the elector or alternate choice.

Another important object of the instant invention is to provide a meansof selecting candidates for any office designated within the scope ofthis said electric phirnax voter by means of a new and useful type ofpush button associated therewith with self contained electric bulb whichis illuminated upon selection pressure by the elector.

And still another important object of this invention is to provide anelectrical phimax voter which enables the elector to write in his choiceof candidate or candid-ates whose name or names do not appear upon theface of the panel ballot by means of a phimax component.

A further important object of the instant invention is to provide anelectric phimax voter with means of affording to the elector and theofficers of the polling place a pilot signalling device to indicate thatcandidate selections are being made in normal sequences.

A still further important object of this invention is to provide such anelectrical phimax voter with means of affording to the elector withinthe polling booth, a visual indication that the candidate selection hasbeen made.

And a further object of this invention is to provide an electricalphimax voter which isolates and identifies the actual selection ofcandidates with the identical relation to the printed area of saidcandidates names and related oflice designation, in a manner which willassure rapid candidate selection by the elector.

And another object of the instant invention is to provide an electricalvoting device as herein described under the phimax unit, through whichunder specific and novel electric circuitry a mutually exclusivelock-out function of candidate selection is accomplished.

A further object of this invention is to provide an electrical phimaxvoter, the function of which is electrically operable in combinationwith cancelling out push buttons, separately designed and strategicallymounted over the face of the panel in order to facilitate multipleselection of candidates for such ofiices as may be provided by law, bythe elector without destroying the vital control of the above describedselection in limited contrast to the cancellation described for singlecandidate selections by the said elector.

Another object of the instant invention is to provide an electricalphimax voter by which, through total electrical circuitry and relatedelectrical components, a means is established whereby Yes and No standson public issues may be expressed by the elector through horizontallyadjacent push buttons described above for the selection of candidates.

And still another object of this invention is to provide an electricalmeans of recording the number of votes cast for any candidate whose nameappears on the instant ballot, completely free from error and/or fraudthrough associated electrical apparatus operable in relation to and apart of phimax design.

Another important object of this invention is to provide an electricalphimax voter operable through electrical circuitry whereby an elector,in areas where such voting procedures are lawful, may be able to selectall of the candidates seeking election under a particular partydesignation appearing on the ballot for such part designation, for allof the offices so designated, by merely pressing a straight party pushbutton of the order above described for single candidate selections, ora related electrical switch, or he may .be able to split his vote in ageneral type of election, or whereby he is precluded from voting forcandidates who are seeking oflice nomination under party designations towhich he is not registered, in a primary type of election.

And another important object of this invention is to provide anelectrical phimax voter whereby, in the general type of election, theelector is precluded from the use of the straight party push buttonafter he has made a single candidate selection for any ofiicedesignation under any party label, and in like manner he is precludedfrom the use of the straight party push button media in the primary typeof election or related switching device described above.

And still another object of the instant invention is to provide anelectrical phimax voter of the type herein described whereby the electorsimply moves the booth curtain across a suspended wire or rod at thepolling booth opening to prepare the unit for operation under normalprocedure as described above, and after all candidate selections shallhave been completed by the elector, to provide a count of his selection.

And still another object of this invention is to provide an electricalphimax voter of the herein application whereby through electricalcircuitry the elector and the election ofiicial is conscious of thenormal functioning of the said electrical unit, and conversely, in theabsence of this visual signal operating, the said unit is renderedinoperable, thus preventing so-called dud or blank voting during thevoting period.

Another important object of this invention is to provide an electricalphimax of the herein application whereby, through electrical circuitry,the elector may select only the number of candidates to which he islawfully entitled.

And another important object of this invention is to provide anelectrical phimax voter of the herein application whereby a complete andcomposite ballot adapts to the face panel of the said unit and isinstalled by merely opening a transparent panel, placing it in place andclosing this said panel under duly controlled locking devices.

A further object of this invention is to provide an electrical phimaxvoter which will enable the rapid replacement of defective candidateelectric bulbs and at the same time present these bulbs from beingdisturbed or removed for fraudulent intent during the voting process.

Other objects and advantages will appear more fully hereinafter, itbeing understood that this invention consists substantially in theconstruction, combination, location and arrangement of parts insignificant relative electrical interlocking and electrical timingsequences, all pointing the novelty and useful application as hereindescribed in the appended claims and the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings:

The accompanying drawings identify the electric cir- 3.3 cuitry of theinstant invention and are described generally as follows, but moreparticularly under Method of Operation, forming a part of thesespecifications:

FIG. 1 shows a type of push-button used with this invention;

FIG. la is an end view of one of the contacts such as 2 of FIG. 1 forreceiving the plunger;

FIGURE 2 shows the complete phimax votor system including a typical twoparty, two ofiice ballot requirement which obviously provides space fortwo candidates for each oflice designation. The drawing includes theelectrical switching under which straight party voting is possible, orthe usual split party candidate selection under the type of electionwhere such selections are lawful. There is also shown the electricalswitching of the polling booth curtain controls as well as theelectrical switching to preclude an elector from voting for candi datesfor whom he is not entitled to vote as in a primary type of election.

FEGURE 3 shows a segment of the electrical controls and electricalswitching which enables the alternate use of candidate space area forcandidate designations or as standard facilities for choice of yes or noon public issues to serve in schedules wherein a major number of publicissues are to be presented to the elector at times when there is arelatively small number of candidates appearing on the ballot as in thegeneral type of elections, all under the control of the simpleelectrical switches I associated therewith.

FIGURE 3a shows a symbol of a pilot light connection through which bothelector and the judge of election is informed that the phimax voter isfunctioning normally. In FIG. 3b is shown an electrical switchingarrangement associated with the above segments when used as areas of yesor no choices on public issues to prevent certain electors from makingsuch choices who are not entitled to do so in overlapping politicalsubdivisions.

FiGURE 4 shows one candidate space for each of the two parties describedunder FIGURE 2, with the exception that the electrical circuitrycomprises electrical controls under which the elector is enabled toselect more than one candidate for any particular office designation asmay be provided by law, together with electrical circuitry for astandard yes and no choice, multiple write-in facilities and control ofmultiple choice.

FIGURE 1 shows a type of electrical push button which utilizes acombination of miniature electric light bulb 11a and electricalswitching, all a composite sub-miniature unit in which the saidelectrical bulb may be pushed into a downward motion against the springloading of coil spring 12a; in so doing the plunger 6a protruding froman insulated contact on the bayonet socket or shell 13a and which is inconstant engagement with the centre spring contact 2a, shunts springcontacts la and 3a together with contact 2a; it will be noted that theinsulated contact of shell l3aengages with the lower terminal of theelectric bulb through a spring 9a and in the downward stroke of the pushbutton, a wiper contact 7a connecting to conductor a, is externallyconnected to the pin 4a; at opposite sides of the shell 13a are shownprotruding ears 1%; these engage the slits of the shell and the spring9a forces the twist action in placing the bulb into the bayonetreceptacle and since the push button device has a crowned surfaceprotruding only the very limited dimension (necessary to cause theplunger 6a to engage the related spring contacts) beyond the surface ofthe voter panel, it thus prevents the fraudulent removal of these bulbsduring the voting process since there is insufiicient area to grip thebulb; on the other hand they are easily removable by opening thetransparent panel which covers the ballot for replacement.

FIGURE 2, shows a complete phimax voter system wherein there is in use astraight party voting facility as well as an alternate split partyselection of candidates, together with the related electrical switchingand various control elements of the herein invention.

In the upper left hand margins will be seen the symbols of two pushbuttons of the type shown in FIGURE 1, above, or its equivalent as maybe described hereafter; to their immediate right are two sets of similarpush buttons and these comprise a typical application under which therelated electrical control circuitry provides for each of two candidatesseeking different office designations under each of two politicalparties.

These push buttons are indicated respectively as 2, 2'7 and 34; also as100, '74- and 52. Each in turn is associated with their respectivecontrol phimaxes.

In the left hand lower'corner of the drawing is shown the electricalswitching respectively at I and K; to their right are the symbols of theelectrical switching within the control of the polling booth curtain, Hand G.

Between these two segments of the drawing are shown in relative areas,the relative control phimaxes.

When push button 2 is pressed by the elector, both push button lights asat 27 and 34 are lighted and remain lighted and this is typical of theselection of all of the candidates for said party seeking offices forsuch party designation. Likewise if the voter is operated by aregistered elector for another party such as controlled by push button1%, then all of the push button lights will be lighted under the partyas at "M and 52.

Should an elector operate the straight party push button as at 1th) andshould wish to cut out the candidate as at 52, he may do so by pressingpush button 34 which cancels out push button 52 and holds push buttonlight 34- operated together with its associated control phimaxcircuitry. Alternately any of the push buttons are so inter-related thatthis feature of electrically splitting of the ticket is made possible.

It will be noted that positive power to the voter is supplied throughthe fuse at D and 194 at the lower right corner of the drawing andnegative power is supplied through E at the lower left hand corner ofthe drawing.

When the elector enters the polling booth, he closes the curtain byhanging the curtain ring on a micro-switch as shown at the left near thelower right hand section of the drawing; this electrical switch isdesignated H, and the connections to the control circuitry are as shown.This will cause negative power from E to the normally closed contacts ofcurtain switch G at the right hand of the polling booth curtain, 1% and15 1 to 159 and 183 of switch H to 178 of phimax 177 which is one sideof the winding as well as the contact of the armature 181 of the phimax;positive power is traced from D, through E94, 193, 184, 148 to the otherside of this phimax 177, causing it to operate and remain closed whilethe elector remains within the booth enclosure, or so long as thecurtain switch remains in this operated position. It will be noted thatnegative power traced from E to switch G, through connection 139 ofswitch H, to armature 181, to armature 182 of phirnax 277, throughcontact 179, through 149, through armature 143 of phimax 147, through apoint 144 of this phirnax which becomes the central connecting point forcontrol circuitry germane to the system of the herein invention andwhich common connecting point we designate as U; as long as the phimax14-7 remains in the unoperative position, this common source of negativeU power is available to said control segments of the phimax voter. Herewe note this common connecting point is extended to a point We now notethat so long as electrical switch G remains closed, phimax 177 willremain operated, since its armature 181 now looks up the phimax withrespect to the winding of the energizing coil, no matter if the curtainswitch is open or closed (H). Likewise, U power remains available to allof the negative power sources of supply as long as phimax 147 remainsunoperated.

procedure, the electrical switch K at the lower left hand corner of thedrawing is thrown as in the full lines, meaning that the blades arethrown to the left and the electrical switch J may be either to the leftor to the right.

Pressing the push button 2, as above described, we now trace U powerfrom 125 (noted above), normally closed contact 161 of phimax 163,armature 162, li'd and 173 of switch K, 1%, armature 1%" of phirnaxElli-t through its normally closed contact 98, to 6 and armature 7, alsoto contact 3a of the push button 2; as soon as this push button isdepressed, then we connect this power to the blade of the push buttonand hence to the winding of the coil of phimax 8; since plus power isnow traced from D, through 184, 170 of switch I through 163, to 171 and175 of switch K to 165, to 9 and the other side of the coil of thephimax 8, thereby causing the phimax to close and in closing itsconnects U power from s as described above through the armature 7 tocontact 4 to the winding of the phimax 13 and since the other side ofthis coil is now connected with plus power through 9 and 1%, thisplrimax will also close, thereby connecting U power to its armature 11(traced from 125, 34 and '71 to 24 to 11) and contact 12 through 14, 15to 25' of phirnax 17; the dotted line between 14 and 15 is a commonconnection to all of the phirnaxes belonging to candidate designationsassociated with this political party as shown at phimax 17; it will benoted that plus power is permanently connected to the one side of thecoils of each of the candidate phimaxes through the common connection at9, and therefore all of these candidate phimaxes will operate and lockupunder the following sequence of con nections and electrical controls: Upower from 125, through Zill, 169 and 1 16 of phimax 111 (normallyclosed), 118, normally closed contacts 92 (to be described below forsingle candidate write-in choice) through normally closed armature 81 ofphimax 85, its contact 78 to armature 1S and point 25 as noted above;likewise each of the candidate phimaxes will lock up under similarelectrical circuitry, so that the operation of these candidate phimaxesno longer remain within the control or" the elector pressing the pushbutton under this straight party method of selection.

It is possible to cancel out any of the candidates so selected andsubstitute opposing candidates and this feature will be described belowunder the single choice of candidates instead of using the straightparty push buttons. Since it is unlawful for electors to selectcandidates by the straight party method in certain states, the systemwould be the same as shown to the right of the dotted lines at 14 and15, with the wiring to the left of these connecting points removedincluding the said straight party push buttons and their associatedphimaxes.

We will now consider the selection of candidates by using the candidatepush buttons, individually; pressing push button 27, causes U power topass through 1.25, 8d, 71, 24 to 28 of the said push button. This willcause the push button to light as well as cause the ph-imax 17 to closeand iocloup as described above; closing phimax 17 causes U power from 24to connect to one side of the phimax register 31 through armature 22 aswell as through armature 21, contact 26 2/14, 51 to C, also 2198 to thewinding of phimax 166; since the other side of the coil of this phirnaxis connected to plus power through 164, M8, 184 and D, this causes thephimax 166 to close and in sequence causes phimax 163 to close, therebyopening a path from U power through the normally closed con.- tacts 162and 161 described above extending to the straight party push buttons,and thereby making the straight party push buttons unoperable as soon asa single candidate push button is operated. This same sequence obtainsas soon as a straight party push button is operated, thereby making itimpossible to sequentially operate more than one straight party pushbutton by any elector.

lit will be noted that a second contact series is associated with thephimax 13, which serves to control the electrical operation of thecandidate control phimaxes as at 111; here we note that U power isconnected to the winding of this control phimax 111 through the dottedconnecting points at 22:) and 221, originating from the point 125, 84,'71, 24, 217, armature 216 and contact 215 of phimax 13; this method ofwiring is typical of the control phimaxes associated with each straightparty push button.

The above reference to a C connection relates to an external tie withanother drawing showing the associated pilot signalling device as animportant segment of the herein invention.

The operation of phimax 111 serves as a transfer holding electricalcontrol circuit in that the armature 112 in moving toward the core ofphimax 111, makes connection with U power passing through 109 asexplained above before it lifts this U power off contact thus U power istransmitted to 114 and the winding of phimax 115 and in turn to thewinding of phimax 121; this sequence removes U power from control byphimax 11-1 to the electrical circuitry from 125 through the armature12d of phimax 121 to the lock-up circuitry explained above. The dottedlines showing phimax 115 indicates that this phimax is merely added toaccomplish a greater margin of timing and in practice is ordinarilyomitted. This feature is especially important in the event that theelector should haltingly push the straight party push button, and servesto control the electrical circuitry, the absolute procedure of candidateselection, error free so far as possible.

Phimax 121 employs a second armature 209 which connects U power throughits contact 210 and 214 to C which operates the said pilot signallingsegment of this invention.

After the elector has finished making his candidate selections, eitherby the use of the straight party push button or single candidateselection, he may wish to change his selection before leaving thepolling booth; we may assume that he has selected a candidate associatedwith push button 27 and that he wishes to substitute the candidateassociated with the opposing candidate push button it. By depressingpush button 74, U power from 125, through 84 and '71, now connects tocontact 77 of this push button, thereby connecting this U power tocontact 76 and thence to the winding of the phimax 111; likewise itcauses the push button light to light and the associated phimax 65 toclose and lock up, as explained above; however, U power is nowdisconnected from the heretofore closed electrical control circuit ofphimax 111 at 199 and 11s to the locked up phimax 17, momentarily andthereby phimax 17 is released before armature of phimax 121 can connectthis U power through 118 to cause phimax 85' to lock-up; this timingfunction is so designed by the herein invention so that it is physicallyimpossible to press the cancelling push button with suiticient rapidityand then release it to interfere with this electrical function. In theevent that this function is delayed as against the alacrity of theelector in pushing and releasing the push button, the said phimaX shownin the dotted area (115) is added to the electrical control circuitry toprevent failure of this voter performance in this area. This method ofcancelling out is typical for this invention when the said candidatesare associated with ofiice designations in which a single candidate onlyis to be selected; obviously where more than one candidate is to beselected for such ofiice as may be permitted by law, the ultimate numberto be selected would not be achieved under this procedure. Amodification will be described hereunder associated with FIGURE 4 inconjunction.

Another important segment of electrical control will now be described inconnection with the operation and electrical switching of the pollingbooth switches; here we assume that the elector has completed hisselections of candidates and is preparing to leave the booth enclosure.He now lifts the booth curtain ring at 187 from its electrical switch Hand in so doing, he lifts the tension of the subnniniature switch tothat of a normally open electrically operated position as opposed tothat shown on the drawing. With the other booth switch G still remainingclosed, as shown, switch contacts 138 and 189 are now open but noelectrical change takes place through the winding of phimax ll'ii, sinceit is locked up as previously described; however, contacts res and 135are now closed in this electrical sequence which connects U power from125 through these contacts to the normally closed circuit formed by thearmature 14-2 and its contact 141 of phirnax 14-7 and thence through theclosed armature 183 and its contact 18% of phimax 177, to the winding ofthe coil of phimax 3.35, causing this latter phimax to close which inturn causes phimax 144 to close and loci; up; this sequence is tracedwith U power from 125' through armature 1333, contact 131 of phiinax335, to 135 contact of phirnax Mil, which is also the one side of thecoil winding of this phimax; since this coil also now receives powerthrough its armature 138, M9, 1'7) and 182 of closed phirnax 177, thisphimax will lock-up; L16 sequential operation of phimax Mil will connectU power through its armature 7137, contact 136 to the one side of thecoil of phimax 147, which causes this latter phimax to operate and liftnegative U power from all of the prevailing electrical circuitry,depending upon this source of negative power, thereby restoring allcandidate phimaxes, lights, and in direct sequence, phimax 135 and thenphi-max 14%. Before phimax 135 causes phimax 147 to close, it will benoted that plus power is connected through its armature 134 and contact132 to all of the phimax registers connected through 2&5, 2527, 293 toT, external to this drawing, which will be described later for theprotective and public counters, as well as to 5%? of phimax 64, 49, 32and 33 of phi rnax 3S and etc.

Obviously this plus power is a momentary impulse since the operation ofphirnax M7 sequentially opens this electrical circuit and thecharacteristic spring loading of the phimax register completes the cycleof advancing the accumulative numbers for a typical voting procedure.

Since the law makes it mandatory for the judge of elections to see theentire panel of this phimax voter, the polling booth curtain is nowmoved to its extreme open position, but before it reaches this operativeposition, phimax 14% remains locked up (tracing negative power from E,contacts of booth curtain switch G, to armature 1322, contact 179, 149to armature 138), as aforesaid and so long as booth curtain switch Gremains closed, phirnax 149 will remain locked up and thereby causephimax 147 to disconnect U power from supplying any of theaforementioned electrical circuitry or controls; moving the boothcurtain now to its extreme open position, opens the associatedsubrniniature electrical switch G, which in turn removes negative powerfrom the entire system, thereby restoring all of the electricalcircuitry of this invention to normal. Herein may be noted the featureof preventing any elector from alternately lifting the polling boothcurtain from its associated hook or eye H and then attempting tofraudulently multiply his choice of voting procedure.

Reference was made to the electrical switches at the lower left handcorner or" the drawing as at l and K; looking at these switches, we willnote a significantly important function in connection with thisinvention; with switch K thrown in the full line position as shown, thephi rnax voter may be used either as a straight party or a split partyvoting procedure; this was explained above. However if the system is tobe prepared for a primary type of election procedure as compared to thegeneral type of election described above, it is accomplished by thesimple throw of the switch K to the right or as shown in the dottedlines.

It will be noted that the straight party push buttons are now renderedinoperable since no negative power is available to the related contacts176 and 173 as described above; plus power to the various partycircuitry is now 0 controlled through the relative position of theelectrical switch I. With this latter switch thrown to the right (whichis operable by the judge of elections or as in some areas by the electorhimself) the said elector is now able to select candidates appearing inthe group represented by the push buttons 74 and 52 and such others asmay be identiea with this political party (in the event of the electorturning the switch 5 to his desired party for purposes of scores, acontrolling phimax is added to the pilot control circuit to increase theelectrical timing wmch may be necessary to break the open circuitrywhich normally obtains when the said 3 switch is moved from one side toanother, or from one political party designation, if such additionaltiming electrical control becomes necessary). Otherwise, if an electorwere to throw this said switch to the right and proceeded to selectcandidates by means of the push buttons associated with said politicalparty as described above and before leaving the booth were to throw thesaid I switch to the left for the purpose of illegally selectingcandidatm associated with another political party, the said plus powerwould automatically be broken in the switching process and allcandidates and associated control phi-maxes would be instantly restoredto normal, thus cancelling out such previous selections and there wouldthen remain the function of such selections as his designated positionof the said switch i would finally remain.

it is therefore obvious that the position of this said switch determinesthe party candidates to which the elector may be able to selectcandidates by means of the associated push buttons, as aforesaid.

At the left hand margin will be seen an electrical switch designated V,and following through across the drawing toward the right will be notedanother similar electrical switch R with numeral designations 1% anddirectly above another switch W; these switches are used to combine,respectively, electrical circuitry of one group or candidates to that ofanother in a vertical column relation as well as combining one verticalcolumn with another vertical columnar designations as may be necessaryto provide additional candidate area space where there is a multiplicityof candidates seeking particular ofiice designations and thereby makingthe herein invention flexibly of greater candidate space capacity. Thetwo switches V and R would connect respective windings of phirnaxessimilar to that shown at ill and 12 i; tying these two electricalcircuits enables simultaneous controls of the multiplied circuitry inthe same manner as through they were single electrical circuits asdescribed above.

Under FIGURE 3, we note a combination of push buttons and relatedphirnaxes as described above with the addition of associated doublepole, double throw electrical switches. As explained above, thecircuitry contemplates their use interchangeably as candidatedesignation spaces or yes and no public issue spaces.

With switches A and B thrown as in full lines the circuitry is used as acandidate selection procedure; obviously switches C and D would bethrown in the same full line direction. Tracing the wiring of thephirnaxes, we now note the same as was described for single candidateselection above. Throwing these switches to the right or in the dottedline positions, we have the circuitry which corresponds to that whichwill enable transferring the two adjacent phirnaxes and their relatedpush buttons in a horizontal relation so as to establish the kind ofelectrical controls necessary to make a yes or no choice on publicissues.

Tracing the wiring diagram we now press the push button 2' whichconnects the push button plunger 40' to contact 4', which provides Upower through 16, 17', 45, 86, 2119', 136' and U (E.M.F.) at the rightmargin of the drawing; this will cause phimax 8' to close and lock upunder U power from (above described) l7, l9, normally closed contact 22,armature H of phirnax 31', 2%, 5d, 47' of switch A, 43, to armature 9'of the phimax 8'; obviously there is no need for any control featuresother than to cancel out one selection for another in the same issue andthis is accomplished, by merely pressing the push button of the oppositechoice. For instance, push button 2 has been selected above and theelector wished to change it to that of the choice represented by pushbutton 35. Here the elector merely presses the push button and in doingso causes the phimax which was locked up under the normally closedcontact of phimax 31', to release since pressing the push button 35'causes the associated phimax 31' to close; in closing phimax 3 1' causesits armature 21' to draw away from its formerly closed position, therebyopening the electric circuitry which locked up phimax 8. As phimax 8 isnow in open circuit, its armature 14' establishes a U power path to thecontact of the phimax 31' and its winding, thereby locking it up asdescribed above for the corresponding or opposite choice. Likewise pushbuttons 103' and 59' are capable of performing the same combinations byC'-- switches thrown in the dotted line areas.

Since there is no need for control features in this type of voterapplication, the said switches disconnect the related control phimaxesdescribed as make-before-break in single candidate selections above.Under FIGURE 3a, we note the external reference C, connected to thesymbol of a light, 146 with its one side 144, to be connected to pluspower. This is the diagram for the pilot light circuitry. It will benoted that there are two of these pilot light circuits: one connects tothe control circuitry as explained under FIGURE 2, and another similarcircuit connects to the yes and no public issue segments.

In FIG. 3b is shown an electrical switching circuit which corresponds tothe dotted line between the numerals 205 and 207 along the right handmargin of FIGURE 2.

Here we note the switch cuts Off the plus impulse power to the phimaxregisters and particularly concerns the application under which anelector is prevented from making a yes or no choice in the area of overlapping districts. Should the elector inadvertantly or deliberately makesuch a choice, the corresponding phimax registers would not operate.This said electrical switch is mounted within easy reach of the Judge ofElections.

Under FIGURE 4, we now note another application of candidate selectionelectrical circuitry; here the elector may select a multiple number ofcandidates seeking ioflice under a single oiiice designation within thelegal limits provided by law for such oifices. Unlike the cancelling outprocess for single candidate selections as explained above, a difiierentmethod of cancelling out must be established, otherwise there could notbe achieved more than a single candidate selection. Associated with thisfigure are circuits which disclose the important function of multiplewrite-in facilities as well as the said cancelout key 113.

FIGURE 4 shows an electrical phimax stepping device under number 89"; toits right is a rotary switch designated 95"; below is the phimaxstepping coil 1%" and to its right is a release coil 105".

In the preparation of the phimax voter before delivery to the pollingplace the said rotary switch is turned to the step corresponding to thehighest number of candidates an elector may select for a given oiiicedesignation, and being of the shunt type, as shown, we may assume forpurposes of description that the elector may select two candidates; thismeans the rotary switch will 'be set at step 2 or in actual electricalcircuitry, steps 93" and 98" are now shunted to U power through itswafer 145", at the point 95". With the wiper 144" of the stepping phimax89 in its normal position as shown, the stepping contact 91" is shuntedwith the quadrant 90" as it moves from step to step. Thus U power is nowconnected from the rotary switch, through the strap 92" to the wiper andquadrant 90" to contact 4" of the push button 140"; pressing this pushbutton, causes phirnax 7 to operate and lock up lid through its armature9"; also U power is transmitted to contact 3 of the push button to thecoil of the phimax stepper 106 which causes the wiper to advance fromstep 91" to step 96, and since the rotary switch has been set a 93, Upower passes from the shunt of the rotary switch through the strap 97 tothe quadrant and therefore the elector is able to push the push button143", which causes the phimax 64 to operate and lock up under itsarmature 66'. However, the wiper arm of 89 now advances to step 1M", andsince the shunt of the rotary switch does not pass beyond the point 98",the elector is prevented from selecting more than two condidates asstated above. The closing of phimaxes 7" and 64", close the respectivephimax registers to one side of U power and the other side of theseregisters are connected to a common feed as designated by numeral 47 atthe upper right hand margin of the drawing. Armatures 11 and 68",respectively connect U power to a common pilot light circuit asdesignated through 5 to 50 at the right hand margin of the drawing. Thispilot circuit connects to the control circuit designated as C underFIGURE 2; another pilot circuit as designated by numeral 20" connects toall yes and no segments of the voter. This numeral 26* appears at theupper right hand corner of the drawing under FIGURE 4.

At the left hand margin of the drawing is shown the letter T whichconnects to the release coi-l 10 5" of the stepping phimax and thiscorresponds to the T at the right hand margin of the drawing underFIGURE 2 and is connected to the plus impulse which actuates the variousphimax registers; obviously, this impulse of plus power will cause therelease coil to restore the stepping phimax to normal after the requiredselections have been made by the elector as he leaves the pol-ling boothas explained above.

A phimax 111" is inserted in the electrical circuit to permit the use ofthe write-in mechanism shown under FIGURE 4; obviously when a pushbutton is pressed, this phimax 111 operates to actuate the stepperphimax wiper. Correspondingly we now find an auxiliary means ofadvancing the said stepper Wiper so that if the elector chooses toselect candidates within the limits provided by law under the pushbutton method, he may do so; likewise he may choose to write-in the samenumber of names, or accumulatively he may choose 'by means of bothapplications, in which the total number of choices must not exceed themaximum number permitted by law.

The slide designated by the numeral 119 is moved to the right by theelector which opens the orifice, exposing the paper upon which he isable to write in a name of his choice for a particular oi'lice to whichthe write-in device is associated; in its excursion to the right (beingconnected to U power) its lip 12% makes contact with the guide 127"which operates phimax 126" as well as phimax 151"; the operation ofphimax 126 causes the solenoid 122 to pull its interlock armature towardthe core and permit the slide 119 to continue to full open to the right;phimax 151" sets up a locking out feature under which it is impossibleto cancel out the stepping process as noted above. Obviously, so long asthe elector chooses candidates by means of the associated push buttons,he is permitted to cancel out said choices, but once he has chosen aselection by means of writing in a name, this name no longer can becancelled and from here on he is precluded from any cancelling outfeature.

Looking at the cancel-out key at 113", we note that plus power isconnected to the various phimaxes associated with candidate push buttonsunder the normally closed position of the said key. If the candidatesassociated with the push buttons, only have been selected, phimax 151"will remain open and plus power from the normally open contact of theswitching portion of the said key will pass from 114" to the releasecoil through the normally closed contacts 156" and 155 of phirnax 151and the related circuitry is restored to ll normal and the elector maythen begin over again to make changed selections. it will be noted thatphimax 151. will lock up, once it is operated and will remain locked upas long as the elector remains in the polling booth.

Under FIGURE 4, we note another application of write-in facility; herethe write-in circuitry is associated with the single candidate selectionprocess. As explained we note the slide 72 with its contact lip '74 andtwo guides, 75 and 551" respectively. Under Pl URE 2, it will berecalled that there are two normally closed contacts indicated by thenumeral 93", near the right hand margin. This segment of the phimaxvoter is designated by the letters N and iv and refer to the contacts ofthe normally closed armature of the phimax 86" under the respectivenumerals 8'7" and M7"; obviously if the writein device shall have beenused in the single selection of a candidate for a particular ofiice, theelector must be precluded from further selections by means of relatedpush buttons or from using this segment a second time for the same oficedesignation.

As soon as the slide 72. passes to the right so that its lip 74 comes incontact with the first guide '75", the phirnax 149" is operated, causingthe solenoid 77 to draw its armature interlock to clear for the dog 73";before it has opened the writing in orifice sufficiently to perrnit theelector to write in a candidates name, the lip '74 connects to thesecond guide ill which in turn causes phimax 86" to operate and lock up;it will be noted that U power is normally connected to the point N",through the normally closed armature M8 to the control circuit describedunder FIGURE 2; We now note that this U power is cut oil from thewrite-in device except as to the lock-up feature for phirnax 85", whichis connected directly to U power. This means that one name is capable ofbeing written into the orifice and if the said slide is moved to theleft beyond the second guide for the purpose of writing in a second namebefore it is returned to full left hand excursion, there is insufiicientspace to write in a name and the function would be discounted. if, onthe other hand the slide is permitted to return to the left after thefirst name shall have been inscribed, the phiniax 86" will have removedU power from the circuitry and hence phirnax 149" becomes inoperable andtherefore the said solenoid will be dis-powered from pulling thearmature away from the path of the said dog and the elector is thusprevented from opening the orifice a second time, fraudulently, or

in error.

It will likewise be noted that as soon as the write-in device is openedfor inscribing a nane for any ofiice designation under this application,the power holding circuit to the push buttons associated therewith islikewise opened at these connecting points land N", so that if acandidate shall have previously been selected by this elector, thephimax associated with push button of the selected candidate willsimultaneously be restored to normal, since its source of U power willhave been opened at this N" and M" connecting point as soon as thewrite-in device shall have subsequently been moved to the open position.

Under FIGURE 4 is shown a standard yes and no public issue controlcircuitry under the herein invention as contrasting the combination ofyes and no circuitry with candidate push button described under FIGURE3. The related operation is identical to that explained there under withthe related electrical control switches operated for this application.

A voting machine constructed in accordance with and embodying theprinciples of the instant invention, is comparatively small, compact andextremely light of weight, a principal reason being that the phimaxcomponents are sub-miniature in dimensions, may be so grouped as tooccupy a negligible amount of space, may be hermetically sealed toprevent failure of operational integrity to atmospheric exposuresaffecting the various contacts and each group segment is adaptable toprinted or pressed circuitry for simplification in fabrication,maintenance and indefinite trouble free function. The initial investmentis comparably small, the cost of maintenance is negligible since theymay be stored, compactly in small area tiers. No special arrangementneed be made for floor reinforcement in the storage facility, nor is itimportant in the selection of a suitable polling place, and no attentionneed be given the matter of temperature controls throughout any seasonof the year in any area. This phimax voter is especially flexiblydesigned, bcing easily adaptable to local requirements with a minimum oftime, etiort and -xJense. It is capable of high speed operation,eiiecting a very short period for each elector to make candidateselections, is contemporary in the use of push buttons in public andprivate applications and therefore less confusing than the use ofconventional levers for the purposes of candidate selections. In directsequence and consequence, a greater number of electors may hereby casttheir ballots in a shorter moment of time, important especially duringpeak load period.

it will be understood, of course, that the present lHVCH. tion as hereinbefore described and shown on the accompanying drawings, is susceptibleof various changes and modifications which may be found to becomeimportantly related hereto, made from time to time, without departingfrom the general principles or real spirit of this invention, andaccordingly, it is intended to claim broad- 1'], as well asspecifically, as indicated in the appended claims.

What is claimed as new and useful is:

1. In an electrical voting machine, a plurality of operable party votemembers arranged in a row and each identified with a different politicalparty, a transverse row of operable individual candidate elementsassociated with each operable party vote member, the correspondingcandidate elements of each party being in a row parallel to the partyvote members, a plurality of individual candidate vote registeringelements, an individual circuit controlled by manual operation of eachcandidate element for actuating a respective registering element,cancelling means interconnecting the corresponding operable candidateelements to cancel a previous vote by a candidate element upon operationof a diierent candidate element .to register a new vote, a separatecircuit controlled by each party vote member upon operation thereof forsimultaneously controlling all of the individual circuits normallycontrolled by the respective candidate elements of the correspondingparty voted for in order to actuate the respective registering elements,a source of power for energizing all of said circuits, a first switchmovable from a first position, in which it connects the source of powerto all of the separate circuits controlled by the party vote members, toa second position for disconnecting the source of power from theseparate circuits to prevent party voting, and a second switch operableto selectively connect the source of power to all of the individualcircuits controlled by the candidate elements of only one party whilethe separate circuits are disconneeted from the source of power by thefirst switch.

2. In an electrical voting machine as defined by claim 1, including aswitch controlled by operation of an individual candidate element fordisconnecting the source of power from all of the separate circuitscontrolled by the party vote members while the first switch remains inthe first position.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS(tithes references on following page) 14 Thompson Aug. 8, 1939 ThompsonOct. 29, 1940 Frank et a1. June 6, 1944 Crabtree -1 April 6, 1948 Johnet a1. Mar. 20, 1956 Keith June 12, 1956 Fisher July 9, 1957 Moran April22, 1958

1. IN AN ELECTRICAL VOTING MACHINE, A PLURALITY OF OPERABLE PARTY VOTEMEMBERS ARRANGED IN A ROW AND EACH IDENTIFIED WITH A DIFFERENT POLITICALPARTY, A TRANSVERSE ROW OF OPERABLE INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATE ELEMEENTSASSOCIATED WITH EACH OPERABLE PARTY VOTE MEMBER, THE CORRESPONDINGCANDIDATE ELEMENTS OF EACH PARTY BEING IN A ROW PARALLEL TO THE PARTYVOTE MEMBERS, A PLURALITY OF INDIVIDUAL CANDIDATE VOTE REGISTERINGELEMENTS, AN INDIVIDUAL CIRCUIT CONTROLLED BY MANUAL OPERATION OF EACHCANDIDATE ELEMENT FOR ACTUATING A RESPECTIVE REGISTERING ELEMENT,CANCELLING MEANS INTERCONNECTING THE CORRESPONDING OPERABLE CANDIDATEELEMENTS TO CANCEL A PREVIOUS VOTE BY A CANDIDATE ELEMENT UPON OPERATIONOF A DIFFERENT CANDIDATE ELEMENT TO REGISTER A NEW VOTE, A SEPARATECIRCUIT CONTROLLED BY EACH PARTY VOTE MEMBER UPON OPERATION THEREOF FORSIMULTANEOUSLY CONTROLLING ALL OF THE INDIVIDUAL CIRCUITS NORMALLYCONTROLLED BY THE RESPECTIVE CANDIDATE ELEMENTS OF THE CORRESPONDINGPARTY VOTED FOR IN ORDER TO ACTUATE THE RESPECTIVE REGISTERING ELEMENTS,A SOURCE OF POWER FOR ENERGIZING ALL OF SAID CIRCUITS, A FIRST SWITCHMOVABLE FROM A FIRST POSITION, IN WHICH IT CONNECTS THE SOURCE OF POWERTO ALL OF THE SEPARATE CIRCUITS CONTROLLED BY THE PARTY VOTE MEMBERS, TOA SECOND POSITION FOR DISCONNECTING THE SOURCE OF POWER FROM THESEPARATE CIRCUITS TO PREVENT PARTY VOTING, AND A SECOND SWITCH OPERABLETO SELECTIVELY CONNECT THE SOURCE OF POWER TO ALL OF THE INDIVIDUALCIRCUITS CONTROLLED BY THE CANDIDATE ELEMENTS OF ONLY ONE PARTY WHILETHE SEPARATE CIRCUITS ARE DISCONNECTED FROM THE SOURCE OF POWER BY THEFIRST SWITCH.